COMMON WEAKNESS ENUMERATIONIncomplete

CWE-1385

Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets

The product uses a WebSocket, but it does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.

Soyutlama

Variant

Yapı

Simple

Sömürü İhtimali

Medium

Problemi anla

Problem nedir?

The product uses a WebSocket, but it does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.

Genişletilmiş açıklama

WebSockets provide a bi-directional low latency communication (near real-time) between a client and a server. WebSockets are different than HTTP in that the connections are long-lived, as the channel will remain open until the client or the server is ready to send the message, whereas in HTTP, once the response occurs (which typically happens immediately), the transaction completes. A WebSocket can leverage the existing HTTP protocol over ports 80 and 443, but it is not limited to HTTP. WebSockets can make cross-origin requests that are not restricted by browser-based protection mechanisms such as the Same Origin Policy (SOP) or Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS). Without explicit origin validation, this makes CSRF attacks more powerful.

Terminoloji

Alternatif adlar ve kullanım biçimleri

Cross-Site WebSocket hijacking (CSWSH)

this term is used for attacks that exploit this weakness

Kök neden

Problem nasıl ve ne zaman oluşur?

Yaşam döngüsü evresi

Architecture and Design

Yaşam döngüsü evresi

Implementation

Risk

Başarılı sömürü neye yol açar?

Varies by ContextGain Privileges or Assume IdentityBypass Protection MechanismRead Application DataModify Application DataDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart

Etkilenen güvenlik alanları: Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, Non-Repudiation, Access Control

The consequences will vary depending on the nature of the functionality that is vulnerable to CSRF. An attacker could effectively perform any operations as the victim. If the victim is an administrator or privileged user, the consequences may include obtaining complete control over the web application - deleting or stealing data, uninstalling the product, or using it to launch other attacks against all of the product's users. Because the attacker has the identity of the victim, the scope of the CSRF is limited only by the victim's privileges.

Savunma

Nasıl önlenir ve çözülür?

Implementation

Uygulama aşaması savunması

Detay
Enable CORS-like access restrictions by verifying the 'Origin' header during the WebSocket handshake.

Implementation

Uygulama aşaması savunması

Detay
Use a randomized CSRF token to verify requests.

Implementation

Uygulama aşaması savunması

Detay
Use TLS to securely communicate using 'wss' (WebSocket Secure) instead of 'ws'.

Architecture and Design · Implementation

Birden fazla yaşam döngüsü evresinde uygulanacak savunma

Detay
Require user authentication prior to the WebSocket connection being established. For example, the WS library in Node has a 'verifyClient' function.

Implementation

Uygulama aşaması savunması

Detay
Leverage rate limiting to prevent against DoS. Use of the leaky bucket algorithm can help with this.

Etkinlik: Defense in Depth

Implementation

Uygulama aşaması savunması

Detay
Use a library that provides restriction of the payload size. For example, WS library for Node includes 'maxPayloadoption' that can be set.

Etkinlik: Defense in Depth

Implementation

Uygulama aşaması savunması

Detay
Treat data/input as untrusted in both directions and apply the same data/input sanitization as XSS, SQLi, etc.