COMMON ATTACK PATTERN ENUMERATION AND CLASSIFICATIONLive MITRE record

CAPEC-645

Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)

An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.

Abstraction

Detailed

Typical severity

High

Likelihood of attack

Low

Understand the attack

What is this attack pattern?

An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.

Requirements

What does the attack require?

Prerequisites

  • The adversary needs physical access to the victim system.
  • The use of a third-party credential harvesting tool.

Skills required

  • Low: Determine if Kerberos authentication is used on the server.
  • High: The adversary uses a third-party tool to obtain the necessary tickets to execute the attack.

Resources required

Not stated in the MITRE record.

Impact

What does a successful attack lead to?

Gain Privileges

Affected scopes: Integrity

Defence

How is it prevented and mitigated?

1
Reset the built-in KRBTGT account password twice to invalidate the existence of any current Golden Tickets and any tickets derived from them.
2
Monitor system and domain logs for abnormal access.

Real world

MITRE example instances

Example instance 1Detail
Bronze Butler (also known as Tick), has been shown to leverage forged Kerberos Ticket Granting Tickets (TGTs) and Ticket Granting Service (TGS) tickets to maintain administrative access on a number of systems. [ REF-584 ]
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket) — DayBreach Saldırı Sözlüğü · DayBreach