COMMON WEAKNESS ENUMERATIONIncomplete

CWE-1429

Missing Security-Relevant Feedback for Unexecuted Operations in Hardware Interface

The product has a hardware interface that silently discards operations in situations for which feedback would be security-relevant, such as the timely detection of failures or attacks.

Abstraction

Base

Structure

Simple

Likelihood of Exploit

Medium

Understand the problem

What is the problem?

The product has a hardware interface that silently discards operations in situations for which feedback would be security-relevant, such as the timely detection of failures or attacks.

Extended description

While some systems intentionally withhold feedback as a security measure, this approach must be strictly controlled to ensure it does not obscure operational failures that require prompt detection and remediation. Without these essential confirmations, failures go undetected, increasing the risk of data loss, security vulnerabilities, and overall system instability. Even when withholding feedback is an intentional part of a security policy designed, for example, to prevent attackers from gleaning sensitive internal details, the absence of expected feedback becomes a critical weakness when it masks operational failures that require prompt detection and remediation. For instance, certain encryption algorithms always return ciphertext regardless of errors to prevent attackers from gaining insight into internal state details. However, if such an algorithm fails to generate the expected ciphertext and provides no error feedback, the system cannot distinguish between a legitimate output and a malfunction. This can lead to undetected cryptographic failures, potentially compromising data security and system reliability. Without proper notification, a critical failure might remain hidden, undermining both the reliability and security of the process. Therefore, this weakness captures issues across various hardware interfaces where operations are discarded without any feedback, error handling, or logging. Such omissions can lead to data loss, security vulnerabilities, and system instability, with potential impacts ranging from minor to catastrophic. For some kinds of hardware products, some errors may be correctly identified and subsequently discarded, and the lack of feedback may have been an intentional design decision. However, this could result in a weakness if system operators or other authorized entities are not provided feedback about security-critical operations or failures that could prevent the operators from detecting and responding to an attack. For example: - In a System-on-Chip (SoC) platform, write operations to reserved memory addresses might be correctly identified as invalid and subsequently discarded. However, if no feedback is provided to system operators, they may misinterpret the device's state, failing to recognize conditions that could lead to broader failures or security vulnerabilities. For example, if an attacker attempts unauthorized writes to protected regions, the system may silently discard these writes without alerting security mechanisms. This lack of feedback could obscure intrusion attempts or misconfigurations, increasing the risk of unnoticed system compromise - Microcontroller Interrupt Systems: When interrupts are silently ignored due to priority conflicts or internal errors without notifying higher-level control, it becomes challenging to diagnose system failures or detect potential security breaches in a timely manner. - Network Interface Controllers: Dropping packets - perhaps due to buffer overflows - without any error feedback can not only cause data loss but may also contribute to exploitable timing discrepancies that reveal sensitive internal processing details.

Root cause

How and when does the problem arise?

Lifecycle phase

Architecture and Design

This weakness can be introduced during the architecture and design phase when the system does not incorporate proper mechanisms for error reporting or feedback for discarded operations, such as when handling reserved addresses or unexecuted instructions.

Lifecycle phase

Implementation

It can also arise during implementation if developers fail to include appropriate feedback or logging for critical operations. This leads to silent failures in certain scenarios like interrupt handling or network buffer overflows.

Lifecycle phase

Requirements

A further layer of complexity emerges when considering specifications. The weakness may stem either from ambiguous product design specifications that fail to delineate when feedback should occur or from implementations that do not adhere to existing requirements. In either case, the result is the same: feedback that is critical for detecting operational failures or security breaches is missing.

Risk

What does successful exploitation lead to?

Read MemoryRead Files or Directories

Affected security scopes: Confidentiality

Critical data may be exposed if operations are unexecuted or discarded silently, allowing attackers to exploit the lack of feedback.
Modify MemoryModify Files or Directories

Affected security scopes: Integrity

Operations may proceed based on incorrect assumptions, potentially causing data corruption or incorrect system behavior. In integrity-sensitive contexts, failing to signal that an operation did not occur as expected can mask errors that disrupt data consistency. Without feedback, the mitigation measures that should ensure updates have been performed cannot be verified, leaving the system vulnerable to both accidental and malicious data alterations.
DoS: Resource Consumption (Memory)DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart

Affected security scopes: Availability

Unhandled discarded operations can lead to resource exhaustion, triggering system crashes or denial of service. For availability, consistent feedback is crucial. Without proper notification of discarded operations, administrators or other authorized entities might miss early warning signs of resource imbalances. This delayed detection could allow a DoS condition to develop, compromising the system's ability to serve legitimate requests and maintain continuous operations.

Defence

How is it prevented and fixed?

Architecture and Design

Architecture and design approach

Detail
Incorporate logging and feedback mechanisms during the design phase to ensure proper handling of discarded operations.

Effectiveness: High

Addressing the issue at the design stage prevents the weakness from manifesting later.

Implementation

Implementation-phase defence

Detail
Developers should ensure that every critical operation includes proper logging or error feedback mechanisms.

Effectiveness: Moderate

Implementation-level checks complement design-phase measures.

Verification

How is it detected?

Automated Static Analysis - Source Code

High
Scans code for missing error handling or feedback mechanisms.

This identify common issues early in the development phase.

Manual Static Analysis - Source Code

Moderate
Experts manually inspect the code for unhandled operations.

Useful for identifying design-level omissions.