COMMON ATTACK PATTERN ENUMERATION AND CLASSIFICATIONMITRE canlı kaydı

CAPEC-103

Clickjacking

An adversary tricks a victim into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from a seemingly completely different, usually an adversary controlled or intended, system.

Soyutlama

Standard

Tipik ciddiyet

High

Saldırı ihtimali

Medium

Saldırıyı anla

Bu saldırı kalıbı nedir?

An adversary tricks a victim into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from a seemingly completely different, usually an adversary controlled or intended, system.

Genişletilmiş açıklama

While being logged in to some target system, the victim visits the adversary's malicious site which displays a UI that the victim wishes to interact with. In reality, the clickjacked page has a transparent layer above the visible UI with action controls that the adversary wishes the victim to execute. The victim clicks on buttons or other UI elements they see on the page which actually triggers the action controls in the transparent overlaying layer. Depending on what that action control is, the adversary may have just tricked the victim into executing some potentially privileged (and most certainly undesired) functionality in the target system to which the victim is authenticated. The basic problem here is that there is a dichotomy between what the victim thinks they are clicking on versus what they are actually clicking on.

Uygulama akışı

Saldırı adım adım nasıl ilerler?

1

Experiment

Craft a clickjacking page

The adversary utilizes web page layering techniques to try to craft a malicious clickjacking page

Kullanılan teknikler

  • The adversary leveraged iframe overlay capabilities to craft a malicious clickjacking page
  • The adversary leveraged Flash file overlay capabilities to craft a malicious clickjacking page
  • The adversary leveraged Silverlight overlay capabilities to craft a malicious clickjacking page
  • The adversary leveraged cross-frame scripting to craft a malicious clickjacking page
2

Exploit

Adversary lures victim to clickjacking page

Adversary utilizes some form of temptation, misdirection or coercion to lure the victim to loading and interacting with the clickjacking page in a way that increases the chances that the victim will click in the right areas.

Kullanılan teknikler

  • Lure the victim to the malicious site by sending the victim an e-mail with a URL to the site.
  • Lure the victim to the malicious site by manipulating URLs on a site trusted by the victim.
  • Lure the victim to the malicious site through a cross-site scripting attack.

Trick victim into interacting with the clickjacking page in the desired manner

The adversary tricks the victim into clicking on the areas of the UI which contain the hidden action controls and thereby interacts with the target system maliciously with the victim's level of privilege.

Kullanılan teknikler

  • Hide action controls over very commonly used functionality.
  • Hide action controls over very psychologically tempting content.

Gereksinimler

Saldırının gerçekleşmesi için ne gerekir?

Ön koşullar

  • The victim is communicating with the target application via a web based UI and not a thick client
  • The victim's browser security policies allow at least one of the following JavaScript, Flash, iFrames, ActiveX, or CSS.
  • The victim uses a modern browser that supports UI elements like clickable buttons (i.e. not using an old text only browser)
  • The victim has an active session with the target system.
  • The target system's interaction window is open in the victim's browser and supports the ability for initiating sensitive actions on behalf of the user in the target system

Gerekli beceri

  • High: Crafting the proper malicious site and luring the victim to this site are not trivial tasks.

Gerekli kaynak

  • None: No specialized resources are required to execute this type of attack.

Etki

Başarılı saldırı neye yol açar?

Gain Privileges

Etkilenen alanlar: Confidentiality, Access Control, Authorization

Modify Data

Etkilenen alanlar: Integrity

Read Data

Etkilenen alanlar: Confidentiality

Unreliable Execution

Etkilenen alanlar: Availability

Savunma

Nasıl önlenir ve etkisi azaltılır?

1
If using the Firefox browser, use the NoScript plug-in that will help forbid iFrames.
2
Turn off JavaScript, Flash and disable CSS.
3
When maintaining an authenticated session with a privileged target system, do not use the same browser to navigate to unfamiliar sites to perform other activities. Finish working with the target system and logout first before proceeding to other tasks.

Gerçek dünya

MITRE örnek olayları

Örnek olay 1Detay
A victim has an authenticated session with a site that provides an electronic payment service to transfer funds between subscribing members. At the same time, the victim receives an e-mail that appears to come from an online publication to which they subscribe with links to today's news articles. The victim clicks on one of these links and is taken to a page with the news story. There is a screen with an advertisement that appears on top of the news article with the 'skip this ad' button. Eager to read the news article, the user clicks on this button. Nothing happens. The user clicks on the button one more time and still nothing happens. In reality, the victim activated a hidden action control located in a transparent layer above the 'skip this ad' button. The ad screen blocking the news article made it likely that the victim would click on the 'skip this ad' button. Clicking on the button, actually initiated the transfer of $1000 from the victim's account with an electronic payment service to an adversary's account. Clicking on the 'skip this ad' button the second time (after nothing seemingly happened the first time) confirmed the transfer of funds to the electronic payment service.
CAPEC-103: Clickjacking — DayBreach Saldırı Sözlüğü · DayBreach