COMMON ATTACK PATTERN ENUMERATION AND CLASSIFICATIONMITRE canlı kaydı

CAPEC-509

Kerberoasting

Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.

Soyutlama

Detailed

Tipik ciddiyet

High

Saldırı ihtimali

Medium

Saldırıyı anla

Bu saldırı kalıbı nedir?

Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.

Uygulama akışı

Saldırı adım adım nasıl ilerler?

1

Explore

Attack step

Scan for user accounts with set SPN values Techniques These can be found via Powershell or LDAP queries, as well as enumerating startup name accounts and other means.

Kullanılan teknikler

  • These can be found via Powershell or LDAP queries, as well as enumerating startup name accounts and other means.

Attack step

Request service tickets Techniques Using user account's SPN value, request other service tickets from Active Directory

Kullanılan teknikler

  • Using user account's SPN value, request other service tickets from Active Directory
2

Experiment

Attack step

Extract ticket and save to disk Techniques Certain tools like Mimikatz can extract local tickets and save them to memory/disk.

Kullanılan teknikler

  • Certain tools like Mimikatz can extract local tickets and save them to memory/disk.
3

Exploit

Attack step

Crack the encrypted ticket to harvest plain text credentials Techniques Leverage a brute force application/script on the hashed value offline until cracked. The shorter the password, the easier it is to crack.

Kullanılan teknikler

  • Leverage a brute force application/script on the hashed value offline until cracked. The shorter the password, the easier it is to crack.

Gereksinimler

Saldırının gerçekleşmesi için ne gerekir?

Ön koşullar

  • The adversary requires access as an authenticated user on the system. This attack pattern relates to elevating privileges.
  • The adversary requires use of a third-party credential harvesting tool (e.g., Mimikatz).
  • The adversary requires a brute force tool.

Gerekli beceri

MITRE kaydında belirtilmemiş.

Gerekli kaynak

MITRE kaydında belirtilmemiş.

Etki

Başarılı saldırı neye yol açar?

Gain Privileges

Etkilenen alanlar: Confidentiality

Savunma

Nasıl önlenir ve etkisi azaltılır?

1
Monitor system and domain logs for abnormal access.
2
Employ a robust password policy for service accounts. Passwords should be of adequate length and complexity, and they should expire after a period of time.
3
Employ the principle of least privilege: limit service accounts privileges to what is required for functionality and no more.
4
Enable AES Kerberos encryption (or another stronger encryption algorithm), rather than RC4, where possible.

Gerçek dünya

MITRE örnek olayları

Örnek olay 1Detay
PowerSploit's Invoke-Kerberoast module can be leveraged to request Ticket Granting Service (TGS) tickets and return crackable ticket hashes. [ REF-585 ] [ REF-586 ]
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting — DayBreach Saldırı Sözlüğü · DayBreach