Exploitation of Improperly Configured or Implemented Memory Protections

An adversary takes advantage of missing or incorrectly configured access control within memory to read/write data or inject malicious code into said memory.

Soyutlama

Detailed

Tipik ciddiyet

Very High

Saldırı ihtimali

Medium

Saldırıyı anla

Bu saldırı kalıbı nedir?

An adversary takes advantage of missing or incorrectly configured access control within memory to read/write data or inject malicious code into said memory.

Genişletilmiş açıklama

Hardware product designs often need to implement memory protection features to prevent users from reading and modifying memory reserved for security operations such as secure booting, authenticating code, device attestation, and more. However, these protection features may be missing if not configured by developers. For example, this can occur if the developers assume these features are configured elsewhere. Additionally, developers often attempt to impose proper protection features, but may incorrectly configure these controls. One such example would be setting controls with insufficient granularity for protected address regions. If an adversary is able to discover improper access controls surrounding memory, it could result in the adversary obtaining sensitive data, executing code, circumventing security mechanisms, escalating privileges, or even denying service to higher privilege software.

Gereksinimler

Saldırının gerçekleşmesi için ne gerekir?

Ön koşullar

Access to the hardware being leveraged.

Gerekli beceri

Medium: Ability to craft malicious code to inject into the memory region.
High: Intricate knowledge of memory structures.

Gerekli kaynak

MITRE kaydında belirtilmemiş.

Etki

Başarılı saldırı neye yol açar?

Modify Data

Etkilenen alanlar: Integrity

Read Data

Etkilenen alanlar: Confidentiality

Execute Unauthorized Commands

Etkilenen alanlar: Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability

Gain Privileges

Etkilenen alanlar: Confidentiality, Access Control, Authorization

Savunma

Nasıl önlenir ve etkisi azaltılır?

Ensure that protected and unprotected memory ranges are isolated and do not overlap.

If memory regions must overlap, leverage memory priority schemes if memory regions can overlap.

Ensure that original and mirrored memory regions apply the same protections.

Ensure immutable code or data is programmed into ROM or write-once memory.

Gerçek dünya

MITRE örnek olayları

Örnek olay 1Detay

A hardware product contains non-volatile memory, which itself contains boot code that is insufficiently protected. An adversary then modifies this memory to either bypass the secure boot process or to execute their own code.

Örnek olay 2Detay

A hardware product leverages a CPU that does not possess a memory-protection unit (MPU) and a memory-management unit (MMU) nor a special bit to support write exclusivity, resulting in no write exclusivity. Because of this, an adversary is able to inject malicious code into the memory and later execute it to achieve the desired outcome.