Access of Memory Location Before Start of Buffer

The product reads or writes to a buffer using an index or pointer that references a memory location prior to the beginning of the buffer.

Soyutlama

Base

Yapı

Simple

Sömürü İhtimali

Medium

Problemi anla

Problem nedir?

The product reads or writes to a buffer using an index or pointer that references a memory location prior to the beginning of the buffer.

Genişletilmiş açıklama

This typically occurs when a pointer or its index is decremented to a position before the buffer, when pointer arithmetic results in a position before the beginning of the valid memory location, or when a negative index is used.

Kök neden

Problem nasıl ve ne zaman oluşur?

Yaşam döngüsü evresi

Implementation

Risk

Başarılı sömürü neye yol açar?

Read Memory

Etkilenen güvenlik alanları: Confidentiality

For an out-of-bounds read, the attacker may have access to sensitive information. If the sensitive information contains system details, such as the current buffer's position in memory, this knowledge can be used to craft further attacks, possibly with more severe consequences.

Modify MemoryDoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart

Etkilenen güvenlik alanları: Integrity, Availability

Out of bounds memory access will very likely result in the corruption of relevant memory, and perhaps instructions, possibly leading to a crash.

Modify MemoryExecute Unauthorized Code or Commands

Etkilenen güvenlik alanları: Integrity

If the corrupted memory can be effectively controlled, it may be possible to execute arbitrary code. If the corrupted memory is data rather than instructions, the system will continue to function with improper changes, possibly in violation of an implicit or explicit policy.

Savunma

Nasıl önlenir ve çözülür?

Follow secure coding guidelines for input handling and boundary checking.
Enforce strict security reviews and automated static analysis (SAST) checks.

Doğrulama

Nasıl tespit edilir?

Fuzzing

High

Fuzz testing (fuzzing) is a powerful technique for generating large numbers of diverse inputs - either randomly or algorithmically - and dynamically invoking the code with those inputs. Even with random inputs, it is often capable of generating unexpected results such as crashes, memory corruption, or resource consumption. Fuzzing effectively produces repeatable test cases that clearly indicate bugs, which helps developers to diagnose the issues.

Automated Dynamic Analysis

Moderate

Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].

Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.